Two axes. Cited evidence. No vibes.

Liechart profiles U.S. political figures on two independent dimensions — policy ideology (progressive ↔ conservative) and posture toward democratic norms (pluralist ↔ illiberal). Every point on every chart traces back to a direct quote, policy position, or official action, with the source cited inline.

All subjects

Each point is a profiled figure. Horizontal position reflects mean ideology across policy issues; vertical position reflects the weighted composite democratic-norms risk index.

A subject's x-position reflects policy direction; their y-position reflects posture toward democratic norms. The two vary independently: a mainstream conservative would sit on the right with low y; a populist demagogue could sit near the center with high y.

Why two axes?

Most public commentary collapses politicians onto a single left-to-right line. That flattens a question the single line can't answer: does this person accept the rules of pluralist democracy? A mainstream conservative and a populist authoritarian may sit near each other on policy; they belong in very different places on norms. Liechart keeps the two axes separate — on purpose.

Scoring draws on V-Dem's Liberal Democracy Index, Bright Line Watch expert surveys, the Levitsky & Ziblatt warning-signs framework, and Stanley and Paxton on mobilizing rhetoric. Ideology is calibrated against DW-NOMINATE so that a typical Republican senator lands around +4 to +7 and a typical Democrat around −4 to −7.

Read the full methodology →